Mpox: Symptoms, Transmission, Testing, Treatment, and Prevention
Mpox (previously known as monkeypox) is a viral infection that can cause a painful body rash along with other symptoms. This guide explains what Mpox is, how it spreads, how testing works, treatment options, and ways to prevent infection.
At Lyon-Martin Community Health Services, we share clear, accurate health information so people can make informed decisions about their care without fear or stigma.
What Is Mpox?
Mpox is a viral infection that can cause:
A painful body rash
Enlarged lymph nodes
Fever
Headache
Muscle aches
Back pain
Fatigue
Symptoms usually begin within three weeks of exposure to the virus.
In many cases, flu-like symptoms appear first, followed by a blistering or pimple-like rash. The rash can appear anywhere on the body. Some people may only experience flu-like symptoms, while others may only develop the rash.
How Is Mpox Transmitted?
Mpox is spread through close contact, including:
Skin-to-Skin Contact
Direct contact with the rash or scabs of a person who has Mpox.
Bodily Fluid Contact
Direct contact with bodily fluids such as:
Saliva
Mucous
Semen
Vaginal fluid
Rectal fluid
Contact With Contaminated Objects
The virus can live on items like:
Clothing
Towels
Sheets
Touching contaminated objects can lead to infection.
Other Forms of Transmission
Mpox can be spread from a parent to an infant during pregnancy.
The virus exists in respiratory droplets, so it is theoretically possible to spread Mpox through prolonged close-range contact such as talking, coughing, or sneezing. However, this type of transmission has not been commonly seen in practice.
A person is considered contagious from the start of symptoms until their rash has fully healed.
How Is Mpox Tested?
A healthcare professional can test for Mpox by taking a swab of a rash or lesion and sending it for laboratory testing.
If you think you may have Mpox, contact a healthcare provider as soon as possible for guidance and testing.
Mpox Treatment Options
For most people, Mpox treatment involves supportive care while the body fights the virus.
Supportive care may include:
Pain medication
Rest
Hydration
Oatmeal baths
Wound care
For the rare patients who become very sick or who are at higher risk of severe illness — including people who are immunocompromised, pregnant, or children — prescription antiviral medications may help reduce symptoms.
Covering lesions and staying home until rashes and lesions are fully healed helps reduce the spread of Mpox.
How to Prevent Mpox
Vaccination
There is a vaccine available for Mpox. It is given as a two-dose series, with each dose administered at least four weeks apart.
If you have been exposed to Mpox, vaccination can still help prevent infection:
Ideally, vaccination as prevention after exposure should be given within 4 days of exposure
Vaccination within 14 days of exposure may still provide some benefit
If you have already had Mpox, you do not need to receive the vaccine, as your body is considered to have developed antibodies.
Reducing Exposure
You can help prevent Mpox by:
Avoiding close contact with anyone who has symptoms
Avoiding contact with rashes or scabs
Not sharing clothing, towels, or bedding with someone who has Mpox
When to Seek Care
If you develop symptoms such as a new rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes, or body aches — especially after close contact with someone who has Mpox — reach out to a healthcare provider for evaluation and guidance.
Have Questions About Mpox or Testing?
If you’re concerned about symptoms, exposure, or prevention, our care team is here to support you.
At Lyon-Martin, we provide trauma-informed, non-judgmental care and public health guidance rooted in dignity and access.
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